In order to create this artwork on Adobe Illustrator, the designer selected a horizontal document. Then, the designer took a photograph of the man singing, and inserted that photo onto the document. In order to create the shapes, the designer probably used one of two possible techniques. One, he or she used the symbols tool and dragged the loop symbols onto the document. The other option is that he or she used the arc tool to make the arcs of the loops. Next, the designer used the shape tool to make the circles. After the designer had all the symbols and shapes in the desired placement, he or she filled them in with different colors using the swatches library. Lastly, in order to create the shading in the some of the circles, the designer most likely went to ‘Recolor Artwork’ and added black or white tint.
I think this is an effective combination of a raster based image and vector images. One thing you may not have noticed is that, as far as I can tell, it looks like the designer erased the photo’s original background and placed him into the adobe illustrator.